Meaning
Health and safety standards established by governments to regulate the maximum amount of electromagnetic energy a person can absorb from a wireless device define the safety boundaries for radiation. Compliance with rf exposure limits is mandatory for all connected products that operate near the human body. It protects the public from the thermal and non-thermal effects of high-frequency fields by setting maximum permitted emission levels.
These thresholds are defined differently depending on whether the device is held to the ear, worn on the body or used at a distance.
Safety Threshold
The limits are quantified using either specific absorption rate for portable devices or power density for mobile devices. This distinction determines the type of test setup required. The allowed levels are based on extensive scientific research from independent bodies.
Measurement Method
Laboratories utilize simulated human tissue and automated probes to measure the energy absorbed during operation. This step ensures that the highest possible radiation levels are recorded. The device is tested at its maximum transmit duty cycle.
Product Design
Enclosure materials and antenna placement must be designed to minimize exposure to the user’s hand or head. This design constraint often limits the maximum power of the transmitter. It represents a fundamental trade-off between wireless range and compliance.